An 1867 Visit of the Duke of Edinburgh to Australia Medal
White metal, obverse illustrating the left-facing bust of the Duke of Edinburgh, inscribed "H.R.H. DUKE OF" at the left and "EDINBURGH" at the right, surrounded by a wreath of roses, reverse illustrating a right-facing sailing ship, inscribed "H.M.S. CALATEA 1867" below, surrounded by the inscription "TO COMMEMORATE THE VISIT OF H.R.H. PRINCE ALFRED, DUKE OF EDINBURGH K.G. TO AUSTRALIA" and engraver marked "T. STOKES MELBOURNE", 47.3 mm, hole drilled through the top for suspension, contact marks and surface wear, fine. Footnote: The Duke of Edinburgh (1844-1900) was born on August 6, 1844 at Windsor, England, second son of Queen Victoria. He entered the navy in August 1858 and travelled widely as a midshipman in the frigate Euryalus. In the winter of 1862-63 he was elected King of Greece but politics dictated his withdrawal and he was given instead right of succession to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was promoted Lieutenant in 1863 and in 1866 became both a naval captain and Duke of Edinburgh. He commissioned his first command, H.M.S. Galatea, in January 1867, left for the Mediterranean in February and sailed for South America on June 12th for a state visit to the Emperor of Brazil. Then after two months at the Cape, the Galatea reached Adelaide on October 31, 1867 to commence the first royal tour of Australia. After three uneventful weeks in South Australia, the Duke moved on to Melbourne, where a shooting incident between Orange and Catholic factions and a riot due to inept handling of a free public banquet marred the generally enthusiastic atmosphere. He then visited Tasmania and arrived in Sydney on January 21, 1868. After a month of festivities, he spent a week in Brisbane and returned to Sydney. Despite rumours of sectarian strife, he attended a picnic at Clontarf on March 12th, where an Irishman, Henry James O'Farrell, succeeded in wounding him seriously. In a frenzy of outraged patriotism the New South Wales government sought unsuccessfully to uncover a conspiracy and, overruling the Duke's eminently sensible proposal to refer the sentence on O'Farrell to the Queen, refused to recommend clemency. O'Farrell was hanged on April 21st and the Duke, who had recovered completely by March 26th, left for England on June 26th. He visited Australia again informally, arriving in Fremantle on January 28, 1869 and leaving Sydney on April 3rd. In both Sydney and Melbourne, he dedicated hospitals, commemorating his escape from death. In 1870, the Dukee made a final visit to dock the Galatea. He arrived at Sydney on September 15th, visited Melbourne for the Cup from October 22nd to November 19th, and sailed early in 1871 without any ceremonies. The Duke married Grand Duchess Marie of Russia on January 23, 1874. He continued his naval career and on June 3, 1893, becoming Admiral of the Fleet. On June 22, 1893, he succeeded to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and thereafter lived in Germany where he died of heart disease on July 30, 1900. He left four daughters, one of whom became Queen of Romania; his only son predeceased him. Although more reserved than his elder brother, the Duke was reputedly cultured, intelligent and a fine seaman. His visits stimulated imperialist sentiment in Australia but the accompanying incidents aggravated sectarian tensions.

