Italy, Kingdom. A Commemorative Cross of the Spanish Campaign 1936-1939

(Croce commemorativa della campagna di Spagna). Instituted in 1938. In bronze, measuring 38 mm (w) x 44.5 mm (h) inclusive of its laterally-pierced ball suspension, spotting, very light contact, original ribbon, near extremely fine.

Footnote: The Commemorative Cross of the Spanish Campaign was formally instituted on June 6, 1940 on the basis of previous unofficial initiatives dating back to 1938, to recognize acts of outstanding bravery by members of the Italian Legion in the Spanish Civil War. The Cross resembles somewhat the Cross for War Merit (Croce al Merito di Guerra) and is often referred to as the ‘Croce al Merito di Guerra per le Operazioni Militari in Spagna’ (Cross for War Merit for the Military Operations in Spain). Initial Italian volunteers from the ranks of the fascist militia were eventually joined in Spain by 'volunteers' from the Italian army and air force serving in the Corpo Truppe Volontarie (Corps of Volunteer Troops).