Spain, Constitutional Monarchy. Naval Order of Merit with Red Distinction, III Class Star, c.2000

(Cruz del Mérito Naval). Instituted in 1866. King Juan Carlos (1975-2014) In bronze gilt with red enamels, with four silvered insignia framing the cross, measuring 65.5 mm (w) x 65.2 mm (h), vertical pinback flanked by dual stays, intact enamels, extremely fine.

Footnote: The Naval Order of Merit was instituted on August 3, 1866 by Queen Isabella II for gallantry or merit in war or peace and awarded to members of the Spanish Naval Forces, Guardia Civil or civilians. It has been amended many times (in 1918, 1926, 1931, 1938, 1942, 1976, 1995, 2003 and 2007). During the Spanish Civil War it was recognized by both sides of the conflict. Awarded originally in four classes, nowadays it lost the rank of an order of merit and the classes were reduced to two and the number of categories extended to four. According to the current regulations, the decoration is conferred in the following classes: Grand Cross: to generals, admirals or civilian personnel of equivalent rank; and Cross: to other officers, non-commissioned ranks or equivalent civilian personnel.